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Candlestick Charts and Patterns
"Explore candlestick charts and patterns, learn how to read them, and use their signals to understand market trends and price movements."
Wikilix Team
Educational Content Team
Picture getting access to a clear view of the market's beating heart—where every bar is more than just another move in price, but a clear representation of investor feelings, momentum, and uncertainty. Candle Stick Charts provide that vision.
They are more than mere financial tools—they should be treated like art and quantifiable emotion, allowing traders to visually observe the battle of buyers and sellers as the action unfolds in real time. This article will help you understand how to read these charts and also teach you how to identify the patterns that may present clues to the potential for a breakout, reversal, or continuation. Don't worry, I won't include too much financial jargon or fluff. Let's dive in.
A candlestick chart is a visual representation of four main price points in the specified period: the opening price, closing price, high, and low price. The body (or "real body") shows the range between the open and close, while the ticks on the chart above and below the body—called "wicks" or "shadows"—illustrate the high and low for that timeframe. A candlestick provides a concise overview of price action, thanks to its compact design, which cannot be achieved with line or bar charts. This gives the viewer momentum, indecision, and potential turning points all in one image.
Both candlestick and bar charts display the same four data points (open, high, low, close), but candlestick charts intuitively convey this information. The color of the body, green (or hollow) for periods higher than the opening price, and red (or filled) for periods lower than the opening price, triggers an immediate cognitive load. Bar charts, by contrast, show small ticks and lines, which can feel noticeably less immediate. Compared to using lines or bars, candlesticks make it easier to scan, spot trend movement, and notice changes in market sentiment.
Now that we know why candlesticks are helpful, here's a breakdown of the basics of reading candlestick charts.
Start by focusing on single candles:
• Body Size: Large bodies=strong momentum. That means if the close is much higher than the open, there was substantially more buying pressure than selling pressure (meaning buyers had control), and vice versa for selling pressure.
• Wicks: Long upper wicks show that while prices tried to move higher, they were rejected and pushed lower. This could be a bearish indicator. Long lower wicks show that buyers are using buying pressure effectively to push prices higher after a dip, and could be bullish.
• Patterns Matter: One candle could be showing ambivalence and occupy the doji formation (evening's close was almost the same price as the open), but many candles could create a pattern which could show indications of what comes next.
Take a step back and look at the chart over a couple of candles and recognize how to see cluster formations for continuation (for example, candles with steadily higher bodies) and reversal (such as a shooting star at the top of an uptrend).
There are three main types of candlestick patterns:
• Bullish Reversal Patterns / Bullish Signals: Meaning the market has the potential to turn back upwards. Examples could include Hammer, Bullish Engulfing, or Morning Star.
• Bearish Reversal Patterns / Bearish Signals: Meaning to a possible trend back downwards. Examples would be Shooting Star, Bearish Engulfing, or Evening Star.
• Continuation Patterns: Meaning the prevailing trend might continue moving in the same direction (higher or lower). Examples could be Rising Three Methods (bullish) or Falling Three Methods (bearish).
Patterns with only one candle (such as Doji or Hammer patterns) are subtle. In contrast, multi-candle patterns (like Engulfing and Stars) generally have a larger significance, such as important price zones like support and resistance.
Indeed, there are hundreds of patterns available to traders; however, not all are created equal! Traders generally focus on:
• Engulfing Patterns: The engulfing candle (which is usually large) "engulfs" the previous smaller candle. For traders, engulfing patterns provide generally strong clues of reversals, especially at the boundary of a trend.
• Star Patterns (Morning / Evening Star): Three-candle patterns, which indicate a significant turning point.
• Doji: Although it is a single candle, it indicates indecision, which can precede a significant price move (especially if confirmed by the following candle movement).
• Three Methods (Rising / Falling): Confirmed continuation during a trend, with a short pause in price.
These patterns are particularly effective when they align with strong support or resistance levels or have confirmation given by volume, RSI, MACD, or other trader indicators.
Experienced analysts will tell you not to use candlestick patterns to identify probable moves or probable reversals without using other indicators for confirmation. "For instance, aligning candlestick patterns with oscillators (RSI or MACD) will help you sidestep misleading signals and timing errors." Use patterns to determine probable price action based on price action — not a definitive moving price action pattern or reversal. Look for confirmations, such as a Doji with a strong bullish close or an engulfing candle aligned with a significant volume spike. Always be mindful of the prior trend, as candlestick patterns are most effective when they are moving with the existing trend.
Q: Can one candle tell the whole story?
A: One candle pattern, like a Doji or Hammer candle, will give traders some clues about trader sentiment; however, stronger signals usually come from patterns that also form with additional candles.
Q: Do higher timeframes matter?
A: For sure. For example, price patterns that occur within a daily or weekly chart have significantly more power than a candle pattern observed within a 5-minute chart; however, as always, a trader's trading style may certainly determine the importance of all candle patterns.
Q: Are any candlestick patterns 100% reliable?
A: Not. Candlestick patterns are just another probabilistic tool - helpful in recognizing and identifying likely moves. False alarms are always going to occur. Good risk management is key.
Candlestick charts provide traders with much more than a number or value - they give traders the ability to read the market narrative in shape, color, and pattern. When you can interpret market signals, such as single candle patterns like Doji and Hammer, and multi-candle patterns like Engulfing patterns and stars, you have transitioned into a more competent decision-maker. However, more importantly, you have learned how to use single and multi-candle patterns with support/resistance, volume, and momentum.
You may allow the candles to indicate where the price may go; however, enable confirmation to dictate your strategy alongside your cultivated discipline and risk management plan. The process of putting all of this into practice will allow you to perform a more confident and straightforward approach to trading.
Keep building your knowledge with our structured learning path. Each section builds upon the previous one.
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13 min
Reading time
Beginner
Difficulty
